Over the last few years, thousands and thousands of homeowners have financed or refinanced their homes with ARM’s, Adjustable Rate Mortgages.

ARM’s are mortgages that are tied in to lower interest rates in the beginning so that many homeowners can afford their monthly payments. As long as interest rates stay even or go lower, the home owner is fine. The danger comes when interest rates start to rise. Monthly payments can go up hundreds of dollars when the interest rate/payment terms come into effect.

That danger is now. Interest rates have been going up as The Federal Reserve has raised rates for the 15th time in the last two years. And, it doesn’t look like rates are going to stop going higher anytime soon. As these mortgages reset to higher rates and payments, many of these ARM homeowners are going to be in a financial bind. Many may even lose their homes.

According to the Mortgage Bankers Association at the end of 2005, some states such as Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Alabama have as many as 20% of the ARM homeowners behind by thirty days or more. Foreclosure proceedings usually start when a homeowner is ninety days late. Hopefully, these homeowners will get refinanced before it is too late.
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For many borrowers, adjustable rate mortgages are an attractive means of qualifying for a home. Fewer borrowers realize the potential negative amortization problems these loans can create.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages

Adjustable rate mortgages are very popular with home buyers. The popularity arises from the fact the initial interest rate on such loans is typically much less than one finds with fixed rate loans. As a result, home owners can squeeze into homes that they might not otherwise be able to afford with fixed rate mortgages.

The potential risk with adjustable rate mortgages is well known. A borrower runs the risk the interest rates will increase over the years, resulting in financial hardship when month mortgage payment amounts go up. If the rates and payments go up to much, the borrower can run into serious problems trying to make payments and may even lose the home.

To overcome the fear of rising rates, many lenders use caps on rate increases to entice home owners. These caps essentially limit the amount the monthly payment can increase for any fixed time period. For many loans, the period is one year and the rate increase is one percentage point. While this makes borrowers feel more secure, there is one little thing lenders fail to point out.
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I heard the news about another interest rate hike and thought it was about time to look into refinancing my mortgage. I contacted my mortgage company first.

“I am interested in a fixed mortgage rate.” I said.

“May I ask why that is?” The broker asked politely.

“I don’t want to deal with the risk of rising interest rates. At my age, I cannot afford the risk.”

“Looking at your last ten years of history, you have done pretty well with the adjustable rate. In fact, you had paid less in interest than most people with a fixed loan. May I suggest that we look at some adjustable rates, which are even less than the rate you’re paying and with caps you don’t have to worry about the interest rate hikes. I think we can save you a few hundred dollars off your monthly payment.”

At this point the broker took a breather so that I can say, “No thank you. I am only interested in a fixed rate mortgages.” “I don’t understand. Are you not interested in saving money?” He asked before launching into a lecture that had a mix of economy 101, budgeting 1, a dash of fortune telling and a healthy and totally unrealistic optimism of future trend in interest rates.

When he was done I explained to him that I recall the 18%-19% interest on mortgage loans in the early 1980’s that he seemed too young to remember. I pointed out that on a $100,000 loan, the 18% interest is $1,500 per month on the mortgage interest alone. If you have a $200,000 loan the interest alone would be a back-breaking payment of $3,000 per month.
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Most of us are familiar with tradition rate mortgages. We borrow a fixed amount of money for 15 to 30 y ears and we agree to pay it back at a given interest rate over the life of the loan. Our payments are the same amount every month, whether it is for 5 years or 30 years. For the majority of homeowners out there this is the most ideal type of mortgage as it has no surprises or sudden increases in monthly payments. However, for some home buyers, an adjustable rate mortgage may very well be the better financial tool.

An Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) is one that can go up or down over time depending on market conditions. Some ARM’s adjust once, while others can adjust several times over the life of the loan. The main purpose behind an ARM was to let people buy more house then they might be able to afford now assuming that as the years went by their earning power would be greater and thus when the mortgage rate adjusted they could afford the new payment. Unfortunately, many people don’t understand how ARM’s work and are often unprepared for when the rate adjustments take place.

There is a segment of the population out there that can benefit from ARM’s, regardless of the rates associated with them. Those who plan to be in their home for five years or less typically can save quite a bit by using an ARM vs. a traditional mortgage. An ARM let’s them pay an interest rate that is usually below market rates for the first few years of the loan. Since a homeowner may be planning to move in a short time span (such as when the kids graduate from school) they can take advantage of the low up-front rate and sell the home before the rates have a chance to adjust.
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